Wind and buoyancy driven currents and seiches, can access aquatic ecosystems. Transects of gyres (circular currents), huge amplitude internal seiches, stratification types, vertical flux profiles of TP, TN and Chl-a, nutrient loadings, and satellite images of blooms are all discussed within the context of current systems in tropical/temperate and salt/freshwater lakes.

Groundwater discharge in lakes and coastal seas are detected with a CTD profiler, bottom water and tracer sampling, and continuous conductivity measurements in water. Vertical buoyancy fluxes are estimated and the total process acts as a double-diffusive convection system, including unstable and overstable regimes. Tests are conducted to identify relationships between nutrient flux and local biomass.

River flowing into a reservoir/lake or a bay/estuary conveys some quantity of fine sediment and nutrients, which are directly responsible for the corresponding sediment and nutrient status in the receiving water bodies. Loading curves for total suspended and dissolved matters are collected at three stations along the Ca River, and simultaneous modeling is in progress.